org.geotools.nature
Class SeaWater

java.lang.Object
  extended byorg.geotools.nature.SeaWater

public final class SeaWater
extends java.lang.Object

Sea water properties as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Density is computed using the 1980 definition of Equation of State (EOS80). Units are:

Since:
2.1
Version:
$Id: SeaWater.java 17672 2006-01-19 00:25:55Z desruisseaux $
Author:
Bernard Pelchat, Martin Desruisseaux

Field Summary
static double STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY
          Conductivity (in mS/cm) of a standard sea water sample.
 
Method Summary
static double adiabeticTemperatureGradient(double S, double T, double P)
          Compute adiabetic temperature gradient as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
static double conductivity(double S, double T, double P)
          Compute conductivity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
static double density(double S, double T, double P)
          Compute density as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
static double densitySigmaT(double S, double T, double P)
          Compute density sigma-T as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
static double depth(double P, double lat)
          Compute depth as a function of pressure and latitude.
static double fusionTemperature(double S, double P)
          Compute fusion temperature (melting point) as a function of salinity and pressure.
static double salinity(double C, double T, double P)
          Compute salinity as a function of conductivity, temperature and pressure.
static double saturationO2(double S, double T)
          Compute saturation in disolved oxygen as a function of salinity and temperature.
static double soundVelocity(double S, double T, double P)
          Compute sound velocity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
static double specificHeat(double S, double T, double P)
          Compute specific heat as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
static double volume(double S, double T, double P)
          Compute volume as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
static double volumeAnomaly(double S, double T, double P)
          Compute volumic anomaly as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
 
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
 

Field Detail

STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY

public static final double STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY
Conductivity (in mS/cm) of a standard sea water sample. S is for Siemmens (or Mho, its the same...).

See Also:
Constant Field Values
Method Detail

density

public static double density(double S,
                             double T,
                             double P)
Compute density as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.

Parameters:
S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40?C)
P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
Returns:
Density (kg/m?).

densitySigmaT

public static double densitySigmaT(double S,
                                   double T,
                                   double P)
Compute density sigma-T as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Density Sigma-T is equivalent to the true density minus 1000 kg/m?, and has typical values around 35. This computation avoid some rouding errors occuring in the true density computation.

Parameters:
S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40?C)
P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
Returns:
Density Sigma-T (kg/m?).

volume

public static double volume(double S,
                            double T,
                            double P)
Compute volume as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. This quantity if the inverse of density. This method is equivalent to 1/density(S,T,P).

Parameters:
S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40?C)
P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
Returns:
Volume (m?/kg).

volumeAnomaly

public static double volumeAnomaly(double S,
                                   double T,
                                   double P)
Compute volumic anomaly as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Volumic anomaly is defined as the sea water sample's volume minus a standard sample's volume, where the standard sample is a sample of salinity 35, temperature 0?C and the same pressure. In pseudo-code, is equivalent to volume(S,T,P)-volume(35,0,P).

Parameters:
S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40?C)
P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
Returns:
Volumic anomaly (m?/kg).

salinity

public static double salinity(double C,
                              double T,
                              double P)
Compute salinity as a function of conductivity, temperature and pressure.

Parameters:
C - Conductivity in mS/cm (milli-Siemmens by centimeters). Multiply par STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY if is not a real conductivity, but instead the ratio between the sample's conductivity and the standard sample's conductivity.
T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40?C)
P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
Returns:
Salinity PSS-78.
To Do:
What to do with pression!?! Check the equation of state.

conductivity

public static double conductivity(double S,
                                  double T,
                                  double P)
Compute conductivity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.

Parameters:
S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40?C)
P - Pressure (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
Returns:
Conductivity in mS/cm.

specificHeat

public static double specificHeat(double S,
                                  double T,
                                  double P)
Compute specific heat as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.

Parameters:
S - Salinity PSS-78.
T - Temperature (?C).
P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
Returns:
Specific heat (J/(kg×?C)).

fusionTemperature

public static double fusionTemperature(double S,
                                       double P)
Compute fusion temperature (melting point) as a function of salinity and pressure.

Parameters:
S - Salinity PSS-78.
P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
Returns:
Melting point (?C).

adiabeticTemperatureGradient

public static double adiabeticTemperatureGradient(double S,
                                                  double T,
                                                  double P)
Compute adiabetic temperature gradient as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.

Parameters:
S - Salinity PSS-78.
T - Temperature (?C).
P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
Returns:
Adiabetic temperature gradient (?C/dbar).

depth

public static double depth(double P,
                           double lat)
Compute depth as a function of pressure and latitude.

Parameters:
P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
lat - Latitude in degrees (-90 to 90?)
Returns:
Depth (m).

soundVelocity

public static double soundVelocity(double S,
                                   double T,
                                   double P)
Compute sound velocity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.

Parameters:
S - Salinity PSS-78.
T - Temperature (?C).
P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
Returns:
Sound velocity (m/s).

saturationO2

public static double saturationO2(double S,
                                  double T)
Compute saturation in disolved oxygen as a function of salinity and temperature.

Parameters:
S - Salinity PSS-78.
T - Temperature (?C).
Returns:
Saturation in disolved oxygen (?mol/kg).


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